Nuclear news – week to 2nd October

Some bits of good news – Brazil – Major win for the protection of Indigenous Rights. Indonesia – Deforestation halted on Awyu Indigenous Lands
TOP STORIES It’s Time to Admit the Truth About the War in Ukraine—and Course Correct. People Are Dying For Inches In Ukraine, The “World’s Largest Arms Fair”. Canada’s Honoring of Nazi Veteran Exposes Ottawa’s Longstanding Ukraine Policy. The Mad Propaganda Push To Normalize War Profiteering In Ukraine.
Is World War III About to Start? Part II: Are the Military-Industrial Complex and Deep State Driving Us to War?
France pushes pro-nuclear momentum to host global talks at OECD, to get tax-payer funding for the nuclear industry.
Climate. Antarctic sea ice at lowest winter level ever. Portuguese youhs sue UK and 32 others for climate change failure. The solar world we might have had. ‘We’re not doomed yet’: climate scientist Michael Mann on our last chance to save human civilisation.
Chistina notes. Don’t let’s be beastly to the Nazis.
Nuclear. Not strictly nuclear – but could lead to nuclear war. All-too easy acceptance of Nazi philosophy, Nazi influence, in Ukraine’s fight against Russia. The recent Canadian experience of national leaders fawning all over a Nazi war criminal is a reminder of Nazi influence around the world – and Australia has its share, too. Over-zealous hatred of Russia, and Russia’s reaction to this, could tip things over into nuclear war
AUSTRALIA. Nuclear power is a non-starter . Uranium clean-up way over budget, running late… sounds like true nuclear power. Nuclear power on Surf Coast “incomprehensible”, says Greens MP. Australia does not need a new “nuclear medicine” factory – clean, safe, cyclotrons can do the job. New nuclear medicine factory to replace ageing site at Lucas Heights reactor. Sydney smashes 1 October heat record as Victoria fights bushfires.
CLIMATE. A “New Cold War” on an Ever-Hotter Planet.
ECONOMICS. France’s nuclear power sector is not delivering. Governments have unpopular decisions to make to achieve their nuclear aims.
EDUCATION. UK’s nuclear lobby to take over education site?
ENERGY. Solar and wind farms can easily power the UK by 2050, scientists say. Chart: China’s solar export dominance grows with surging European orders.
Microsoft May Go Nuclear to Support Its Energy-Hungry Artificial Intelligence. UK risks power supply crunch in January as nuclear plants halt.
ENVIRONMENT. Water. Microsoft Is Using a Hell of a Lot of Water to Flood the World With AI. Oceans. Japan to release second batch of wastewater from Fukushima nuclear plant next week
ETHICS and RELIGION. Vatican at U.N. : Risk of nuclear war is ‘at its highest in generations’.
HISTORY. Monuments to Ukrainian Nazis in Canada.
LEGAL. US Flouts International Law With Pacific Military Claims.
MEDIA. Mainstream “Newsweek” Wakes up to Reality: “$113 Billion in Modern Arms Hardly Dented Russian Lines”. Film examines France’s nuclear history in Algeria.
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY. Trudeau warned of nuclear weapon risk over emerging small modular reactors. A mature design or junk? EDF plan for Sizewell C continues to rely on controversial EPR reactor. The Cyber Threat to Nuclear Non-Proliferation. Microsoft Sees Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear Energy as Dynamic Duo.
OPPOSITION to NUCLEAR : Protests. ‘The World Is at Stake’: Defuse Nuclear War Kicks Off Nationwide Week of Action, Greenpeace disrupts nuclear power meeting in Paris.
PLUTONIUM. Nuclear experts raise new concerns about industry-led policy proposals to separate plutonium in Canada
POLITICS. Editorial: Japan city’s rejection of nuclear waste site probe casts doubt on gov’t stance.
Ottawa yet to decide whether reprocessing spent nuclear fuel should be allowed in Canada. Flagging Support: Zelenskyy Loses Favour in Washington. Robert Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr Will Run For President As An Independent: REPORT.
Democrat congressman Adam Schiff funneled millions to defense contractors after taking donations. North Korean parliament enshrines nuclear ambitions in constitution. Scottish independence would end the UK’s nuclear delusion. Byron Blake Critical assessment of nuclear energy in Jamaica’s future
POLITICS INTERNATIONAL and DIPLOMACY.
- European Commission is ‘willing to consider’ subsidies for nuclear technology, says von der Leyen.
- Polish minister calls for extradition of Ukrainian Nazi honored in Canada.
- American Meddling Failed To Prevent Robert Fico’s Victory In The Latest Slovak Elections.
- Qatar calls for Israeli nuclear facilities to be subjected to IAEA safeguards.
- North Korea slams UN nuclear agency as US mouthpiece.
- US Pacific Security Deal With Marshall Islands at Risk Over Nuclear Payments Description,
- Nuclear Arms Control: U.S. May Face Challenges in Verifying Future Treaty Goals.
SAFETY. Bring radiation regulations up to international standards, say Nuclear Free Local Authorities.
Fresh concerns over Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant: Emerging Europe this week. ‘Unprecedented nuclear crisis’ at Russian-controlled power plant with 148 attacks.
SECRETS and LIES. Canadian Parliament Gives Standing Ovation to Man Who Served in Waffen SS. German ambassador applauded Ukrainian Waffen SS Nazi – Berlin. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko3catBWKb8 . Nazigate: Canada’s top general won’t apologize for applauding Ukrainian Waffen-SS vet. The Zelensky lie is coming to an end.
Chinese Balloon Was Not Spying, US Government Admits Months Later. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgWv3kXUn10&t=31s
SPACE. EXPLORATION, WEAPONS. Star-crossed States: No result from the UN Working Group on Reducing Space Threats. Elon Musk’s satellites litter the heavens as astonishing video shows how 5,000 Starlink aircraft are whizzing around the Earth and will soon outnumber the stars.
SPINBUSTER. New Brunswick Indigenous communities and Canadians need facts about Small Modular Nuclear Reactors, not sales hype.
WASTES. Nuclear waste ship makes unprecedented port call at Novaya Zemlya
What will happen to 140-tonne stockpile of combustible sodium at Dounreay? UK government decides not to take Allerdale further in GDF nuclear waste siting process due to limited suitable geology. Many years for UK government to find a nuclear waste site with suitable geology and a willing community. British communities torn between the lure of government bribes and the realities of hosting toxic radioactive trash virtually forever.
Japan city forgoes applying for government survey on nuclear waste site. Finland’s nuclear waste: delay in completing the review of operating licence application and safety assessment. Fate of Indian Point Wastewater Still Unclear.
WAR and CONFLICT. Kiev’s counteroffensive is unlikely to achieve its goals – US officials to New York Times. New York Times Says ‘Evidence Suggests’ Ukrainian Missile Misfire To Blame For Market Tragedy. US and UK involved in attack on Crimea – Russia. Caitlin Johnstone: Neocons Love the Ukraine War.
WEAPONS and WEAPONS SALES. UN warns of ‘humanitarian catastrophe’ in growing nuclear arms race. Pentagon discloses military deal with Elon Musk. Return of US nuclear weapons to UK would be an escalation, says Russia. NUCLEAR BRINKMANSHIP IN AI-ENABLED WARFARE: A DANGEROUS ALGORITHMIC GAME OF CHICKEN.
Sydney smashes 1 October heat record as Victoria fights bushfires

Sydney has endured its hottest ever start to October on record as fire
danger warnings were issued across NSW – and as two bushfires threatened
campers and towns in eastern Victoria.
Guardian 1st Oct 2023
We’re not doomed yet’: climate scientist Michael Mann on our last chance to save human civilisation.

‘We’re not doomed yet’: climate scientist Michael Mann on our last
chance to save human civilisation. The renowned US scientist’s new book
examines 4bn years of climate history to conclude we are in a ‘fragile
moment’ but there is still time to act.
“We haven’t yet exceeded the
bounds of viable human civilisation, but we’re getting close,” says
Prof Michael Mann. “If we keep going [with carbon emissions], then all
bets are off.”
The climate crisis, already bringing devastating extreme
weather around the world, has delivered a “fragile moment”, says the
eminent climate scientist and communicator in his latest book, titled Our
Fragile Moment. Taming the climate crisis still remains possible, but faces
huge political obstacles, he says. Mann, at Penn State university in the
US, has been among the most high-profile climate scientists since
publishing the famous hockey stick chart in 1999, showing how global
temperatures rocketed over the last century.
Guardian 30th Sept 2023
The Mad Propaganda Push To Normalize War Profiteering In Ukraine

Just the other day CNN anchor Erin Burnett ………. pausing to explain to her audience that this funding is actually good for Americans, because it goes straight into the US arms industry.
CAITLIN JOHNSTONE, OCT 1, 2023
There’s been an astonishingly brazen propaganda push to normalize war profiteering in Ukraine as Kyiv coordinates with the arms industry and western governments to convert the war-ravaged nation into a major domestic weapons manufacturer, thereby turning Ukrainians into proxies of the military industrial complex as well as the Pentagon.
At an event in Kyiv which hosted 250 “defense” industry corporations from 30 different countries on Friday, President Zelensky gave a speech urging war profiteers to open factories in Ukraine to cut out the middleman of securing and delivering so many weapons from abroad. This is an investment that the arms industry would ostensibly have plenty of time to set up, given that western officials are now going out of their way to communicate to the public that this war will stretch on for many more years to come.
Zelensky’s speech twice made use of the phrase “defense-industrial complex”, and used the phrase “arsenal of the free world” no fewer than three times.
“Ukraine is developing a special economic regime for the defense-industrial complex,” Zelensky said. “To give all the opportunities to realize their potential to every company that works for the sake of defense — in Ukraine and with Ukraine or that wants to come to Ukraine.”
“Right now, the most powerful military-industrial complexes are being determined, as are their priorities and the global standard of defense. All of this is being determined in Ukraine,” Zelensky tweeted with photos from the event.
This move has been accompanied in recent weeks by some of the most appalling mass media headlines that I have ever seen, all geared toward normalizing the military industrial complex in the eyes of the public.
In an amazingly awful Wall Street Journal op-ed titled titled “In Defense of the Defense Industry” and subtitled “Populists of the right and left attack U.S. companies that make weapons. Who do they think protects us?”, Future of Capitalism’s Ira Stoll argues that the military industrial complex is actually a wonderful thing we should all love and support.
“The weapons industry protects America and its allies, keeping us safe from ruthless enemies who would otherwise exterminate or enslave us,” Stoll writes. “Raytheon helps make weapons systems that defend Israeli civilians against attacks from Iran-backed terrorist groups. These include the Iron Dome, David’s Sling, SkyHunter interceptor systems and Tamir missiles. Raytheon also produces the Javelin antitank missile that Ukraine has used against Russian armor and the early-warning radars that would detect incoming missiles aimed at the U.S.”
Stoll does not name the alternate universe he is describing in which the US military is used to keep Americans safe rather than to advance imperial interests abroad.
Another recent Wall Street Journal article titled “The War in Ukraine Is Also a Giant Arms Fair” and subtitled “Arms makers are getting orders for weapons being put to the test on the battlefield” glorifies the way war machinery is being field tested on human bodies to the benefit of war profiteers.
“The Panzerhaubitze howitzer is part of an arsenal of weapons being put to the test in Ukraine in what has become the world’s largest arms fair,” writes WSJ’s Alistair MacDonald. “Companies that make the weapons being used in Ukraine have won orders and resurrected production lines. The deployment of billions of dollars worth of equipment in a major land war has also given manufacturers and militaries a unique opportunity to analyze the battlefield performance of weapons, and learn how best to use them.”
A Reuters article from two weeks ago titled “At London arms fair, global war fears are good for business” gushes over how much money is being raked in by arms manufacturers as a result of this war, with one unnamed arms industry executive telling Reuters, “War is good for business.”
Just the other day CNN anchor Erin Burnett followed up some clips of “far right lawmakers” voicing their opposition to funding for the Ukraine proxy war by pausing to explain to her audience that this funding is actually good for Americans, because it goes straight into the US arms industry.
“It’s worthwhile with all of this gaining some steam in public perception to be clear on some facts,” Burnett said. “First and foremost, the vast majority of this money is going to American companies and jobs, right, because those are the people that are making the Abrams tanks, the ammo and everything else. And you take Lockheed Martin, which makes the HIMARS, that have been core to Ukraine’s counteroffensive, the company announced it’s going to increase its workforce in Camden, Arkansas, by 20 percent, just because of this new demand.”

“That money is going to America,” Burnett added.
All this propaganda energy is going into normalizing the act of war profiteering because if you let the idea stand on its own, it would make people scream in horror. The fact that a deliberately-provoked war is being used as a giant field demo to show prospective buyers and investors how effective various weapons systems can be at ripping apart human bodies in order to profit from all this death and destruction is more nightmarish than anything any dystopian novelist has ever come up with.
Ukraine is a giant advertisement for weapons of mass slaughter, and the cost of that corporate ad is not money but human blood. If you look right at this thing it absolutely chills you to the bone. Which is why so much effort is being poured into making sure people don’t look at it.
Monuments to Ukrainian Nazis in Canada

W.O. Munce, https://www.thepostil.com/monuments-to-ukrainian-nazis-in-canada/
Given the fact that Ukraine and Nazis are again making news, it is important to point out that there are indeed commemorative monuments to Ukrainian Nazis in Canada, located where the Ukrainian populations are the greatest. The reasons for such monuments are known to the Ukrainian community alone, but so it is essential to make a record of them here, along with a hint at what those being commemorated did back in the days of World War Two.
“Ukrainian partisans and their allies burned homes, shot or forced back inside those who tried to flee, and used sickles and pitchforks to kill those they captured outside. Churches full of worshipers were burned to the ground. Partisans displayed beheaded, crucified, dismembered, or disemboweled bodies, to encourage remaining Poles to flee… It was this maimed OUN-Bandera, led by Mykola Lebed’ and then Roman Shukhevych, that cleansed the Polish population from Volhynia in 1943” (The Reconstruction of Nations).
The 14th Division of the Ukrainian SS surrounded the village Huta Pieniacka from three sides… The people were gathered in the church or shot in the houses. Those gathered in the church—men, women and children—were taken outside in groups, children killed in front of their parents. Some men and women were shot in the cemetery, others were gathered in barns where they were shot” (British archives).
“One of their major tasks as UPA partisans was the cleansing of the Polish presence from Volhynia. Poles tend to credit the UPA’s success in this operation to natural Ukrainian brutality; it was rather a result of recent experience. People learn to do what they are trained to do, and are good at doing what they have done many times. Ukrainian partisans who mass-murdered Poles in 1943 followed the tactics they learned as collaborators in the Holocaust in 1942: detailed advance planning and site selection; persuasive assurances to local populations prior to actions; sudden encirclements of settlements; and then physical elimination of human beings. Ukrainians learned the techniques of mass murder from Germans. This is why UPA ethnic cleansing was striking in its efficiency, and why Volhynian Poles in 1943 were nearly as helpless as Volhynian Jews in 1942. It is one reason why the campaign against Poles began in Volhynia rather than Galicia, since in Volhynia the Ukrainian police played a greater role in the Final Solution” (The Reconstruction of Nations).
“On that day, early in the morning, soldiers of this division, dressed in white, masking outfits, surrounded the village. The village was cross-fired by artillery. SS-men of the 14th Division of the SS ‘Galizien’ entered the village, shooting the civilians rounded up at a church. The civilians, mostly women and children, were divided and locked in barns that were set on fire. Those who tried to run away were killed. Witnesses interrogated by the prosecutors of the Head Commission described the morbid details of the act. The crime was committed against women, children, and newborn babies” (The Institute of National Remembrance. Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation).
Related Articles:
Canada’s Honoring of Nazi Vet Exposes Ottawa’s Longstanding Ukraine Policy
Following the war, Canada’s Liberal government classified thousands of Jewish refugees as “enemy aliens” and held them alongside former Nazis in a network of internment camps enclosed with barbed wire, fearing that they would infect their new country with communism. At the same time, Ottawa placed thousands of Ukrainian veterans of Hitler’s army on the fast-track to citizenship.
By celebrating a Waffen-SS volunteer as a “hero,” Canada’s Liberal Party highlighted a longstanding policy that has seen Ottawa train fascist militants in Ukraine while welcoming in thousands of post-war Nazi SS veterans. Canada’s second most powerful official, Chrystia Freeland, is the granddaughter of one of Nazi Germany’s top Ukrainian propagandists.
SCHEERPOST, By Max Blumenthal / The Grayzone 1 Oct 23
In the Spring of 1943, Yaroslav Hunka was a fresh-faced soldier in the 14th Grenadier Division of the Waffen-SS Galicia when his division received a visit from the architect of Nazi Germany’s genocidal policies, Heinrich Himmler. Having presided over the battalion’s formation, Himmler was visibly proud of the Ukrainians who had volunteered to support the Third Reich’s efforts.
80 years later, the Speaker of Canada’s parliament, Anthony Rota, also beamed with pride after inviting Hunka to a reception for Volodymyr Zelensky, where the Ukrainian president lobbied for more arms and financial assistance for his country’s war against Russia.
“We have in the chamber today Ukrainian war veteran from the Second World War who fought for Ukrainian independence against the Russians and continues to support the troops today even at his age of 98,” Rota declared during the September 22 parliamentary event in Ottawa.
“His name is Yaroslav Hunka but I am very proud to say he is from North Bay and from my riding of Nipissing-Timiskaming. He is a Ukrainian hero, a Canadian hero, and we thank him for all his service,” Rota continued.
Gales of applause erupted through the crowd, as Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Zelensky, Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland, Canadian Chief of Defense Staff Gen. Wayne Eyre and leaders of all Canadian parties rose from their seats to applaud Hunka’s wartime service.
Since the exposure of Hunka’s record as a Nazi collaborator – which should have been obvious as soon as the Speaker announced him – Canadian leaders (with the notable exception of Eyre) have rushed to issue superficial, face-saving apologies as withering condemnations poured in from Canadian Jewish organizations.
The incident is now a major national scandal, occupying space on the cover of Canadian papers like the Toronto Sun, which quipped, “Did Nazi that coming.” Meanwhile, Poland’s Education Minister has announced plans to seek Hunka’s criminal extradition.
The Liberal Party has attempted to downplay the affair as an accidental blunder, with one Liberal MP urging her colleagues to “avoid politicizing this incident.” Melanie Joly, Canada’s Foreign Minister, has forced Rota’s resignation, seeking to turn the the Speaker into a scapegoat for her party’s collective actions.
Trudeau, meanwhile, pointed to the “deeply embarrassing” event as a reason to “push back against Russian propaganda,” as though the Kremlin somehow smuggled an nonagenarian Nazi collaborator into parliament, then hypnotized the Prime Minister and his colleagues, Manchurian Candidate-style, into celebrating him as a hero.
To be sure, the incident was no gaffe. Before Canada’s government and military brass celebrated Hunka in parliament, they had provided diplomatic support to fascist hooligans fighting to install a nationalist government in Kiev, and oversaw the training of contemporary Ukrainian military formations openly committed to the furtherance of Nazi ideology.
Ottawa’s celebration of Hunka has also lifted the cover on the country’s post-World War Two policy of naturalizing known Ukrainian Nazi collaborators and weaponizing them as domestic anti-communist shock troops. The post-war immigration wave included the grandfather of Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland, who functioned as one of Hitler’s top Ukrainain propagandists inside Nazi-occupied Poland.
Though Canadian officialdom has worked to suppress this sordid record, it has resurfaced in dramatic fashion through Hunka’s appearance in parliament and the unsettling contents of his online diaries.
“WE WELCOMED GERMAN SOLDIERS WITH JOY”
The March 2011 edition of the journal of the Association of Ukrainian Ex-Combatants in the US contains an unsettling diary entry which had gone unnoticed until recently.
Authored by Yaroslav Hunka, the journal consisted of proud reflections on volunteering for the 14th Grenadier Division of the Waffen-SS Galicia. Hunka decribed the Nazi Wehrmacht as “mystical German knights” when they first arrived in his hometown of Berezhany, and recalled his own service in the Waffen-SS as the happiest time in his life.
“In my sixth grade,” he wrote, “out of forty students, there were six Ukrainians, two Poles, and the rest were Jewish children of refugees from Poland. We wondered why they were running away from such a civilized Western nation as the Germans.”
The Jewish Virtual Library details the extermination of Berezhany’s Jewish population at the hands of the “civilized” Germans: “In 1941 at the end of Soviet occupation 12,000 Jews were living in Berezhany, most of them refugees fleeing the horrors of the Nazi war machine in Europe. During the Holocaust, on Oct. 1, 1941, 500–700 Jews were executed by the Germans in the nearby quarries. On Dec. 18, another 1,200, listed as poor by the Judenrat, were shot in the forest. On Yom Kippur 1942 (Sept. 21), 1,000–1,500 were deported to Belzec and hundreds murdered in the streets and in their homes. On Hanukkah (Dec. 4–5) hundreds more were sent to Belzec and on June 12, 1943, the last 1,700 Jews of the ghetto and labor camp were liquidated, with only a few individuals escaping. Less than 100 Berezhany Jews survived the war.”
When Soviet forces held control of Berezhany, Hunka said he and his neighbors longed for the arrival of Nazi Germany. “Every day,” he recalled, “we looked impatiently in the direction of the Pomoryany (Lvov) with the hope that those mystical German knights, who give bullets to the hated Lyakhs are about to appear.” (Lyakh is a derogatory Ukrainian term for Poles).
In July 1941, when the Nazi German army entered Berezhany, Hunka breathed a sigh of relief. “We welcomed the German soldiers with joy,” he wrote. “People felt a thaw, knowing that there would no longer be that dreaded knocking on the door in the middle of the night, and at least it would be possible to sleep peacefully now.”
Two years later, Hunka joined the First Division of the Galician SS 14th Grenadier Brigade – a unit formed under the personal orders of Heinrich Himmler. When Himmler inspected the Ukrainian volunteers in May 1943 (below), he was accompanied by Otto Von Wachter, the Nazi-appointed governor of Galicia who established the Jewish ghetto in Krakow.
“Your homeland has become so much more beautiful since you have lost – on our initiative, I must say – those residents who were so often a dirty blemish on Galicia’s good name, namely the Jews…” Himmler reportedly told the Ukrainian troops. “I know that if I ordered you to liquidate the Poles … I would be giving you permission to do what you are eager to do anyway.”
“HITLER’S ELITE TORTURERS AND MURDERERS HAVE BEEN PASSED ON RMCP ORDERS”
Following the war, Canada’s Liberal government classified thousands of Jewish refugees as “enemy aliens” and held them alongside former Nazis in a network of internment camps enclosed with barbed wire, fearing that they would infect their new country with communism. At the same time, Ottawa placed thousands of Ukrainian veterans of Hitler’s army on the fast-track to citizenship.
The Ukrainian Canadian newsletter lamented on April 1, 1948, “some [of the new citizens] are outright Nazis who served in the German army and police. It is reported that individuals tattoooed with the dread[ed] SS, Hitler’s elite torturers and murderers have been passed on RCMP orders and after being turned down by screening agencies in Europe.”
The journal described the unreformed Nazis as anticommunist shock troops whose “‘ideological leaders’ are already busy fomenting WWIII, propagating a new world holocaust in which Canada will perish.”
In 1997, the Canadian branch of the Simon Wiesenthal Center charged the Canadian government with having admitted over 2000 veterans of the 14th Volunteer Waffen-SS Grenadier Division.
That same year, 60 Minutes released a special, “Canada’s Dark Secret,” revealing that some 1000 Nazi SS veterans from Baltic states had been granted citizenship by Canada after the war. Irving Abella, a Canadian historian, told 60 Minutes that the easiest way to get into the country “was by showing the SS tattoo. This proved that you were an anti-Communist.”
Abella also alleged that Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau (Justin’s father) explained to him that his government kept silent about the Nazi immigrants “because they were afraid of exacerbating relationships between Jews and Eastern European ethnic communities.”
Yaroslav Hunka was among the post-war wave of Ukrainian Nazi veterans welcomed by Canada. According to the city council website of Berezhany, he arrived in Ontario in 1954 and promptly “became a member of the fraternity of soldiers of the 1st Division of the UNA, affiliated to the World Congress of Free Ukrainians.”
Also among the new generation of Ukrainian Canadians was Michael Chomiak, the grandfather of Canada’s second-most-powerful official, Chrystia Freeland. Throughout her career as a journalist and Canadian diplomat, Freeland has advanced her grandfather’s legacy of anti-Russian agitation, while repeatedly exalting wartime Nazi collaborators during public events.
