Antinuclear

Australian news, and some related international items

Why did Sir Mark Oliphant not speak out about nuclear bombs radioactively contaminating Maralinga?

Hiding Britain’s H-bomb secrets https://www.theguardian.com/global/2018/dec/27/hiding-britains-h-bomb-secrets   Sue Rabbitt Roff is alarmed at files being withdrawn by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority That the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority has withdrawn files relating to the development of the British H-bomb in Australia 70 years ago (Nuclear weapons and energy files removed from archives, 24 December) is indeed alarming to those of us trying to get behind the smokescreens already set up by the Ministry of Defence’s closing access to files over the past decades.

My own research has been into why Sir Mark Oliphant, Australia’s premier nuclear physicist and a prime mover in the Tube Alloys group that showed the Americans how to build atomic bombs in time to use in the second world war, never spoke out about the contamination (from H-bomb tests) of his beloved home state of South Australia and further eastward just weeks before the 1956 Olympic Games took place in Melbourne.

He told me in 1993: “The Brits thought they could ensure any fallout or contamination was not too big. They were very pigheaded about it. The people in control were very haphazard about the estimates.” Why didn’t he speak out about the residual radioactive contamination at Monte Bello, Maralinga and Emu Field, even when he was governor of South Australia? He replied: “You can really decontaminate Maralinga by leaving it alone. Plutonium alpha particles contamination, I think, is grossly overplayed. The Aborigines are using it to the full. At the same time it was very naughty of the British to leave it, and to think of spreading it that way in the first place was very nasty. The British people were very reticent about revealing contamination, especially regarding food contamination. They hugged that to their chests very closely.”

I suggest that Sir Mark Oliphant was Australia’s – and Britain’s – J Robert Oppenheimer. The evidence is set out on my website www.rabbittreview.com and was mostly found in the files I accessed in the UK National Archives.

December 28, 2018 Posted by | AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, history, weapons and war | Leave a comment

Defence Department accused of deception over Woomera radioactive wastes

Defence under attack on nuclear waste dump   https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/defence/defence-under-attack-on-nuclear-waste-dump/news-story/fd851b6cefd7c5701d354c7ed1adf09d  LUKE GRIFFITHS @_LukeGriffiths DECEMBER 27, 2018

 Woomera must be revisited as a potential site for Australia’s first nuclear waste dump, says Centre Alliance senator Rex Patrick, ­who accuses the Defence Department of deception over claims the site is unsuitable.

Senator Patrick said he would question Defence officials at Senate estimates hearings over why the department dismissed Woomera as a potential site because of an “intolerable risk” and its “impracticability” — a position since backed by Resources Minister Matt Canavan.

 The 122,000sq km Woomera Prohibited Area, located in the South Australian outback 450km northwest of Adelaide, is a milit­ary testing range under federal government control.

 Senator Patrick said significant nuclea­r waste materials had been stored there since 1994, including 10,000 drums of low and intermediate-level waste from a CSIRO research facility at Fishermans Bend in Melbourne.

In a report published on its website last week, the CSIRO said tests had found the material posed no threat to health or the environment.   Tests in May found radiation levels adjacent to the storage had “natural background values” for Australia, as would be found in typical soil and rock.

“The report findings make a mockery of Defence claims there’s no way a national radio­active waste management facility could be located anywhere in the enormous expanse of the WPA,” Senator Patrick said.
 “The reality is radioactive waste has been safely stored at Woomera for a quarter of a ­century. Defence can expect considerable scrutiny in the new year over the bureaucratic obfuscation and deception on this issue. It seems Defence is never stronger in defending territory than when it comes to defending its own.”

 Senator Canavan has short-listed two sites near Kimba, 465km northwest of Adelaide, and one site near Hawker, in South Australia’s mid-north, for the waste facility.

   The process, which has divided both communities, stalled after a Kimba ballot scheduled for August 20 was delayed by court action from an Aboriginal group that believes traditional owners should vote, despite not living within the shire’s boundaries.

 In a similar move, traditional owners at Hawker last week lodged an Australian Human Rights Commission complaint, prepared by Maurice Blackburn Lawyers, that alleged a “fundamentally flawed process”.

   Labor has not said how it would proceed should it form government after the election, which must be held by mid-May.D    The Department of Defence did not respond to questions.

December 27, 2018 Posted by | Federal nuclear waste dump, secrets and lies, South Australia | Leave a comment

Scorching temperatures sweep across Western Australia

December 27, 2018 Posted by | climate change - global warming, Western Australia | 1 Comment

Comments on the drums of radioactive waste at Woomera, South Australia

Kazzi Jai  No Nuclear Waste Dump Anywhere in South Australia This is the radioactive waste that should never have even been transported over to South Australia in the first place! It was only because it was on Department of Defence land which is Commonwealth land. The Eastern states from where it was made in the first place are welcome to have it back!
 It’s amazing when the documentation comes out, how much is actually left out!
Again, down play of the actual contents of ALL the drums – just as was the case when those drums where transported over all those years ago, from ANSTO’s holding!   https://www.facebook.com/groups/1314655315214929/

December 27, 2018 Posted by | AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, Federal nuclear waste dump | Leave a comment

Fighting Adani: An Interview With Wangan and Jagalingou Council’s Adrian Burragubba By Paul Gregoire | 21/12/2018

“Indian mining giant Adani filed an application with the Federal Court last week asking that a legal challenge to its proposed Carmichael coalmine be thrown out, unless the Wangan and Jagalingou Traditional Owners fronted up with $160,000 in potential court fees within two weeks.

On Tuesday, Federal Court Justice Alan Robertson said that Adani’s demand was “disproportionate and unpersuasive”. He ordered that the traditional ownerspay $50,000 in security costs by the end of January or their legal challenge could not go ahead.

Adani’s attempt to have the Wangan and Jagalingou Traditional Owners’ case thrown out has caused the mining company further setbacks with its terminally delayed mine, as the case will now take place in May, when it was initially scheduled for next month.

The traditional owners are appealing an earlier ruling by the Federal Court. They assert that the Indigenous land use agreement (ILUA) that is essential for the Adani mine to go ahead is void. In August, Justice John Reeves found that this claim had “no merit”.

However, on Tuesday, Justice Robertson also upheld that the appeal will be going before the full bench of the Federal Court, as there’s an “arguable case of error” in the decision of the primary judge. …

Sydney Criminal Lawyers spoke with Wangan and Jagalingou spokesperson Adrian Burragubba about his thoughts on Adani’s latest tactic to try and thwart their ongoing opposition, why the Adani ILUA is a sham and how the system of native title needs a complete overhaul. … ”

Read the interview at the source document: www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/fighting-adani-an-interview-with-wangan-and-jagalingou-councils-adrian-burragubba/

December 24, 2018 Posted by | aboriginal issues, climate change - global warming, Queensland | Leave a comment

Australian Labor Party’s very limited support for the United Nations nuclear ban treaty

Bill Shorten wins cautious agreement on foreign aid, recognising Palestine and nuclear ban treaty, SMH, By Michael Koziol
18 December 2018 A federal Labor government will pursue the recognition of Palestine, a treaty banning nuclear weapons and an increase to foreign aid – but final decisions will be left for cabinet under an agreement struck between the party’s factions.Three controversial issues in the foreign relations portfolio were settled in backroom deals on Tuesday morning to ensure there were no contentious votes and Labor leader Bill Shorten ended the party’s national conference on a united note.The changes to Labor’s platform urge the next Labor government to recognise Palestine as a sovereign state as an “important priority”, but leaves the final decision to cabinet acting on expert advice.Labor has also given in-principle agreement to the United Nations nuclear ban treaty – but only after taking account of whether nuclear-armed states had signed up (so far none have) and whether they were abiding by the treaty’s terms…….

Senator Wong and defence spokesman Richard Marles led the negotiations, while the Left’s Anthony Albanese was heavily involved in the nuclear talks  ……..

The controversial nuclear treaty bans states from using, producing or stockpiling nuclear weapons, and prohibits them from assisting any other state to engage in such activities.

Mr Marles – who has criticised the treaty as “the non-nuclear world thumbing its nose at the nuclear world” – said it was “no secret” some in Labor were sceptical about the treaty and its impact on Australia’s alliance with the US.

A Labor government would need to be “certain” the treaty would not endanger that alliance, Mr Marles told the conference, and it was essential there was a realistic pathway for nuclear powers to sign up.

According to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, 69 states have signed the treaty, and 19 have ratified it into law. However, none of the nuclear weapons powers or nuclear-armed states have signed or ratified the treaty.

As recently as October, Senator Wong said there was “no realistic prospect” of any nuclear states signing the treaty, let alone ratifying it, and it would have “no effect” without their endorsement……https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/bill-shorten-wins-cautious-agreement-on-foreign-aid-recognising-palestine-and-nuclear-ban-treaty-20181218-p50mw8.html

December 22, 2018 Posted by | AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, politics, politics international | Leave a comment

Radioactive waste at the Woomera Test Range

 CSIRO 19 Dec 18 “……..Where did the waste come from?Almost 10,000 210-litre drums of waste now stored at the Woomera Test Range came from the clean-up of a former research site at Fishermans Bend, Melbourne, in the early 1990s and comprises of mainly soil and building materials…..

What is CSIRO doing about it?

CSIRO is using robotic equipment to better understand the physical condition and contents. This work will take 12–24 months and will inform future activities to characterise, separate and repackage waste and reduce its volume for transfer to the NRWMF. The robots are able to travel between the tightly packed drums which cannot be reached by people.

The robotic work will also help us better understand the physical integrity of the drums before further testing. The painted or galvanised drums are just over half way through their expected useful life of around 40 years……

Some material will be low level radioactive waste (LLW) and a very small amount may be intermediate level waste (ILW). Measures will be taken to ensure the material is safely stored to meet ARPANSA regulations until a final disposal pathway has been identified.

What does this mean for a National Radioactive Waste Management Facility (NRWMF)?

Further analysis and separation of material is needed to clarify how much of the material currently at the Woomera Range will require future disposal (LLW) or storage (ILW) at the proposed NRWMF.

The waste could not be transferred to a NRWMF until its contents are known and it is packaged to comply with the strict Waste Acceptance Criteria for the Facility. The current storage arrangement at the Woomera Test Range poses no health or environmental threat……. https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/Environment/Land-management/Radioactive-waste-Woomera?fbclid=IwAR2WeaBCrmpzBS5rZEqa-wH3IMh_sG7_L3Me5C3Ur5V6XhZo7WmiLCw7kEs

December 22, 2018 Posted by | South Australia, wastes | Leave a comment

Scorching weather predicted for Queensland

Heatwave set to blaze across Queensland for next few days, ABC News, By Aneeta Bhole and staff, 21 Dec 18,  Scorching weather has been predicted over the next four days in Queensland, with temperatures set to soar over 40 degrees Celsius in the state’s western interior.

December 22, 2018 Posted by | climate change - global warming, Queensland | Leave a comment

W&J UPDATE: Our Federal Court appeal against Adani is on track

www.facebook.com/notes/wangan-and-jagalingou-traditional-owners-council/our-federal-court-appeal-against-adani-is-on-track/2478213712193791/

Friends, we did it!

With your backing, we fought off Adani’s effort to knock us out of the courtroom.

Our court case against Adani will proceed. Our fight goes on. Thank you so much!

In the Federal Court on Tuesday, we beat back Adani and their high-priced legal team.

The judge ruled that Adani’s demand for $160,000 was “disproportionate and unpersuasive”. Instead, we have to put forward $50,000, a figure we can cover thanks to the incredible solidarity of our many supporters, who responded generously in the face of this serious threat.

We have held our ground, and together we thwarted Adani’s bid for a “guillotine order” to get us out of the way. This means our court case to throw out Adani’s ‘rent-a-crowd ILUA’ goes on. Our campaign to protect our ancestral lands and waters is as strong as ever.

Adani’s determination to knock us out has backfired: we are still in the fight – strengthened with even more public support – and their maneuver has put off the case until May next year, causing them even further delays.

And even better, the judge upheld our appeal to the full bench of the Federal Court, saying there is an “arguable case of error” in the decision of the primary judge. It’s what we had hoped to hear.

Our legal challenges are exacting and we have faced an uphill battle for four years, made more difficult by Adani’s relentless bullying, and the piling on of legal costs designed to make us fold. It’s not working.

We are still in the way of Adani building its catastrophic mine. We are confident in our arguments, and sure of the rightness of our cause. We know Adani does not have our consent and never will. …

Thank you again for standing in solidarity with us, as we stand for the rights of our people to keep our country intact and to protect our culture and law.

Adrian Burragubba, Murrawah Johnson & Linda Bobongie

for the Wangan and Jagalingou Traditional Owners Family Council

December 22, 2018 Posted by | aboriginal issues, AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, legal | Leave a comment

Adani ordered to pay almost $12m for work on scrapped Carmichael rail line

 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/20/adani-ordered-to-pay-almost-12m-for-work-on-scrapped-carmichael-rail-line, Ben Smee


Judgment details how ‘payment difficulties’ emerged in contract between AECOM and Adani subsidiary Adani has been ordered to pay almost $12m owed to engineering firm AECOM for work on a scrapped rail line to the Carmichael coalmine.A judgment in the Queensland Building and Construction commission details how “payment difficulties” emerged in a contract between AECOM and an Adani subsidiary company. The 1,862-point commission adjudicationsays Adani had “anticipated” receiving government support that did not materialise, including a $1b federal loan to build the rail link between Carmichael and the Abbot Point port.

The loan was vetoed by the Queensland government in November last year. The contract to design the rail line was suspended about six months later.

Soon after AECOM lodged a claim with the QBCC alleging it was owed $20m for the work. Adani countered by offering $325,000.

The QBCC this week issued a detailed mixed ruling that Adani owes AECOM about $12m, plus interest. The ruling also reveals how the rail line, which has since been abandoned, suffered a series of setbacks.

These included Adani being unable to provide AECOM with access to properties to undertake design work, “expected government relaxations that did not materialise” and the veto of a loan from the Northern Australia infrastructure facility.

“[AECOM] argued that these difficulties resulted in delays … [and] a substantial change to [Adani’s] project delivery strategy, resulting in the suspension of the claimant’s services,” adjudicator Chris Lenz said.

Adani had previously said the Naif loan was “not critical” to its project. As the rail project struck “difficulties”, Adani was unsuccessfully attempting to find outside finance for the Carmichael project. Eventually the company changed tack, downscaling port, rail and mine plans and cutting costs to an extent it can self-finance Carmichael.

It announced last month Carmichael would go ahead without external finance, and that works at the site in the Galilee Basin are imminent. But several key approvals and processes remain outstanding; including some which will not be finalised by the federal election. Adani has sought to frame those approvals as formalities, and can undertake some works before those approvals being granted.

A recent federal court decision means a full-bench appeal by traditional owners, members of the Wangan and Jagalingou family council, will likely be heard in May next year. The Queensland government is understood to be waiting until the outcome of that case before extinguishing native title at the Carmichael site.

Guardian Australia has previously reported that access discussions with rail network operator Aurizon will likely take until September, and that those negotiations will need to settle who pays for line upgrades worth at least $100m.

Management plans for groundwater have not been approved. A recent government report said cumulative water impacts in the Galilee had been understated, and the ABC reported this week the CSIRO had flagged concerns about Adani’s groundwater dependent ecosystems management plan, which the Queensland government must approve, and for which there is no statutory timeframe.

No significant ground disturbance can occur until the groundwater plan is approved.

Adani said in a statement it had invested $3.3bn in its Australian businesses, “a clear demonstration of our capacity to deliver a financing solution for the mine and rail project, as well as meeting all financial obligations”.

“In September we announced a new narrow-gauge railway design solution for the Carmichael project to accelerate the delivery and reduce capital costs. We have already secured the necessary approvals and land-access agreements with landholders needed to build the line.

“We are working through [the] regulatory process with the network owner and once it is complete we will commence construction of the rail line.”

December 22, 2018 Posted by | climate change - global warming, Queensland | Leave a comment

The economic cost of climate troglodytes 

 Crispin Hull,  DECEMBER 21, 2018  As Hyundai demonstrated its latest pollution-reversing hydrogen car in London this week, it is worth looking at how the policy impasse on climate-change – caused by the actions of the troglodyte right of the Coalition – threatens Australia’s economic well-being. We first have to understand the troglodytes’ beliefs by following the money trail.

It is wrong to assume that they believe that the climate is not changing or if it is that humans are not causing it and therefore coal is okay to use. Rather it is the other way around. Their financial backers in the coal industry want to be able to continue to profit from coal, therefore the troglodytes must either deny climate change is happening or that coal has anything to do with it.

Of course, proselytising and propaganda have caused a lot of people to believe that there is no human-made climate change, in the same way that people have been convinced of a religious belief that, say, God made the earth in a week a few thousand years ago. But it is not science.

It is difficult to shift belief. It is also difficult to change the selfish view that Australia can do little on its own. We should therefore look at economics and how much these beliefs will cost Australia in the near future.

The Coalition troglodytes should contemplate over this yet-again record-breaking hot summer how their dogged determination to stick with coal and other fossil fuels is denying Australia a leading role in new industries and billions in savings by using new technology.

Climate change aside, we should be embracing renewable energy from solar and wind with battery and hydro storage because they will make our lives materially better.

Hyundai’s hydrogen car is a good example. It splits hydrogen into two positively charged protons and two negatively charged electrons. The electrons are drawn off to run the car’s electric motor. Then they and the protons are combined with oxygen from the air to form harmless water.

The oxygen has to be free of pollutants, so the incoming air is filtered. The net result is that the hydrogen car removes as much pollutant from the air per kilometre as petrol and diesel cars emit.

Hydrogen-powered cars are driven by electric engines, just like ordinary electric cars, but their energy source is stored in hydrogen fuel cells. Other electric cars use batteries, usually lithium. Both need electric power, usually from the grid, to charge them.

These cars are already here, but in the next few years, sales will boom. We do not make any cars in Australia so we will be forced to follow international trends as petrol and diesel cars are phased out. They will go the way of the film camera with the onslaught of vastly cheaper and instantly satisfying digital cameras. It took about eight years for almost the whole of the world’s camera inventory to be replaced.

Electric cars have very few moving parts, not even a gearbox. They do not emit poisonous gases into the atmosphere. And even with Australia’s inexplicably high electricity prices are far cheaper to run than petrol or diesel cars.

A battery car uses about 18kWh of electricity for 100km, say $4. A hydrogen car uses about double that, and, incidentally, unless that improves it may mean that hydrogen cars do not take off, though hydrogen trucks and buses will still make sense. A petrol or diesel car, on the other hand, costs about $10 per 100km and requires much more servicing and lubricants than electric cars do.

But if the federal government is so scared of the coal lobby that it will not develop an innovative energy and transport policy Australians will not get these benefits, or get them later and at a greater cost.

Our national government should not be contemplating subsiding or owning new coal power plants but be leading the charge. It should not be passively waiting for industry, the states and individuals to take up the technology in a haphazard way. Our government should be promoting nationwide charging stations for electric cars.

At present Australia imports about 90 per cent of its liquid fuel for transport, at a cost of about $50 billion a year.

If the Coalition is really interested in jobs and growth and running the economy it would be helping Australian industry innovate with more renewables and better battery and other storage technologies.

We should be replacing the $50 billion worth of polluting fuel with electricity from our abundant sun and wind…….At present Australia imports about 90 per cent of its liquid fuel for transport, at a cost of about $50 billion a year.

If the Coalition is really interested in jobs and growth and running the economy it would be helping Australian industry innovate with more renewables and better battery and other storage technologies.

We should be replacing the $50 billion worth of polluting fuel with electricity from our abundant sun and wind.  clarionledger.com   http://www.crispinhull.com.au/

December 22, 2018 Posted by | AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, climate change - global warming | Leave a comment

Australia: new State of the Climate Report – extreme heat events, fire weather and drought

Australia experiencing more heat, longer fire seasons and rising oceans

State of the climate report points to a long-term increase in the frequency of extreme heat events, fire weather and drought, Guardian  Lisa Cox

December 20, 2018 Posted by | AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, climate change - global warming | 1 Comment

Aboriginal landowners say that radioactive waste contractors ‘damaged’ cultural sites

Radioactive waste contractors ‘damaged’ cultural sites, allege traditional owners, SBS News, 19 Dec 18 Traditional owners in South Australia have launched a complaint to the Australian Human Rights Commission over the federal government’s plans for a nuclear waste facility.

Traditional owners in South Australia’s Flinders Ranges have launched a complaint to the Australian Human Rights Commission, alleging contractors damaged a precious cultural site while assessing land for a new nuclear waste facility.

Maurice Blackburn lawyer Nicki Lees, acting for the Adnyamathanha Traditional Lands Association (ATLA), said Adnyamathanha traditional owners were concerned about the alleged actions of contractors on their lands.

“Earlier this year, contractors of the Commonwealth caused significant harm and damage to an area that is particularly significant to traditional owners, and in particular female Adnyamathanha women,” she said.

“What we’re doing today is saying that the Commonwealth failed to deal with that damage, and they failed to take seriously the complaint that ATLA made to the Commonwealth regarding that damage.”

The complaint also alleges that a vote to determine support for a nuclear waste site excluded a large number of traditional owners.

“The complaint alleges that because a large number of traditional owners are not included in the vote, it is therefore discriminatory and unlawful,” Ms Lees said.

Earlier this year, Barngarla traditional owners launched a similar complaint alleging a community vote was discriminatory because it failed to include native title holders who didn’t reside in the community.

Vince Coulthard, Chief Executive of ATLA, said his people deeply opposed the nuclear waste proposal.

“The Adnyamathanha people have voted against the waste dump. We don’t want the waste dump on our country,” he said.

“The department on this consultation has gone and spoken with other people in the region, other interest groups, they’ve never come out and spoken directly with us.”……..

Three South Australian sites have been short-listed to house Australia’s low and medium level nuclear waste. Two are near Kimba, on the Eyre Peninsula. The third is near Hawker in the Flinders Ranges.

A planned community vote to determine support for the facility had to be postponed earlier this year after Barngarla traditional owners were granted an injunction by the South Australian Supreme Court.

This Barngarla matter will return to court in January. Three South Australian sites have been short-listed to house Australia’s low and medium level nuclear waste. Two are near Kimba, on the Eyre Peninsula. The third is near Hawker in the Flinders Ranges.

A planned community vote to determine support for the facility had to be postponed earlier this year after Barngarla traditional owners were granted an injunction by the South Australian Supreme Court.

This Barngarla matter will return to court in January.https://www.sbs.com.au/news/radioactive-waste-contractors-damaged-cultural-sites-allege-traditional-owners?fbclid=IwAR1IMP4yisi_kHZ30Bslg2ftYw75j6IjMAcsKLOmFvboX9d1G1EbMJ1iQJE

December 20, 2018 Posted by | aboriginal issues, AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, legal | Leave a comment

Division within the Liberal Coalition over climate change

December 20, 2018 Posted by | AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, climate change - global warming, politics | 1 Comment

Australia’s oceans absorbing most of the climate heating, but for how much longer

State of the Climate: Thank goodness for ocean sinks currently holding more warming extremes at bay

Key points:

  • Australia’s climate has now warmed by over 1 degree Celsius since 1910
  • Oceans have now warmed by around 1C since 1910
  • For the first time, the report draws attention to “compound extreme events” when multiple variables coincide

An extra two years has firmed-up the data to demonstrate that climate change is happening now.

Dr Helen Cleugh, the director of the climate science centre at CSIRO, said the last time the planet saw levels of CO2 this high was at least 800,000 years ago.

She said atmospheric CO2 is up 46 per cent since before the industrial era began in the 1750s.

“We know from our analysis that the cause of the increases in CO2 concentration is human activities, through burning of fossil fuels and through land use change,” Dr Cleugh said.

Ocean sinks

That CO2 is not just staying in the atmosphere.

“As a result of the increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere we’ve actually got more energy in the Earth’s climate system, and it turns out that over 90 per cent of that extra energy has actually been taken up by the ocean,” Dr Cleugh said.

“Our oceans and land are performing an enormous ecosystem service at the moment because they’re taking up a lot of the anthropocentric [human-generated] CO2 emissions.”

The oceans take up the CO2 directly, removing it from the atmosphere, as well as absorbing heat from the atmosphere. The land also acts as a sink but to a lesser extent.

“That has two really important implications. The first is that it means that the oceans play a really important role in modulating the rate and pace of our changing climate. But the other is it leads to warming,” Dr Cleugh said.

A very live research question right now is will those oceans and land continue to take up CO2 into the future.

“At the moment we’re not seeing any evidence of the weakening of that sink.”

But Dr Cleugh said that models of our future climate suggest that the extra CO2 and heat would not be able to be taken up by the ocean forever.

A bit like sweeping dust under a rug, eventually only so much can fit.

“There are feedbacks that could lead to a weakening of those sinks, either on the land or in the ocean, and that would mean that warming in the atmosphere would proceed at a greater rate,” she said.

Dr Cleugh said it is a very important scientific question to understand the way that the oceans are behaving.

“It turns out the Southern Hemisphere oceans are particularly important in taking out heat and CO2. So it’s really important that we do that research in our own patch,” she said.

Oceans already feeling the heat

Ocean temperatures, already up by around 1 degree Celsius since 1910, has contributed to more and longer marine heatwaves.

The back-to-back bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017 have been well canvased, but the changing ocean is meddling with other ecosystems.

The report states that the Eastern Australian Current — of Finding Nemo fame — is extending further south, encouraging warming in the Tasman Sea and extending the habitat of other species south.

As the ocean warms it is expanding, which is coupling with ice melts to raise sea levels.

The increased CO2 in the water has also lead to a 30 per cent increase in ocean acidity since the late 1800s.

“This has significant implications for our marine ecosystem and the ability of corals to regrow, so it actually is linked back to the coral bleaching,” Dr Cleugh said.

These changes are not happening evenly. Luckily for the Great Barrier Reef, so far it looks like the worst of the ocean warming acidification has happened to the south of Australia……..https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-20/bom-csiro-biennial-state-of-the-climate/10631122

December 20, 2018 Posted by | AUSTRALIA - NATIONAL, climate change - global warming | 1 Comment